1773
Captain James Cook who was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the Royal Navy crossed Antarctic Circle. He crossed there in 1774 again. But he doesn't sight Antarctic Continent.
1820
Three men sighted Antarctic Continent.That is Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Edward Bransfield, Nathaniel Palmer. Febian Gottloeb von Bellingshousen was a Russian Navy officer from Estonia. Edward Bransfield was a British Royal Navy master from Ireland. And Nathaniel Palmer was a sealer from Connecticut in the US.
1821
An Amerian sealer Captain John Davis landed on Anterctic Continent on Febluary 7th. This landing was the first recorded landing. He landed at Hughes Bay where has been the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. By the way, the next coast is called Davis coast.
1840's
The United States Exploring Expedition that has been holded American Navy discovered Ballery Islands. At that time, there were named Wilkes Land.
James Clark Ross who was an explorer clear the Ross Sea in 1841. The very large ice wall where he saied along there is called the Ross Ice shelf. Mount Erebus and MountTerror where is nere the Ross Island was discovered too.
1909
Douglas Mawson who is the member of the Nimrod Expedition managed by Emest Shacklton reached the South Magnetic Pole. Edgeworth David and Douglas Mowson accomplished the first ascent of Mount Erebus.
1911
Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen who was an explorer of Norway accomplished the first reach the South Pole on December 14th. The next month, Robert Falcon Scott reached the South Pole.
1930's~1940's
Richard Evelyn Byrd who was the American Navy admiral flied over Antarctic Continent severeal times. He investigated about geology and biology things.
Tuesday, February 26, 2013
Tuesday, February 12, 2013
Mammals
What kind of mammals live in Antarctica do you know? Weddell seals? Leopard seals? Killer whales? ... Week 3 is witten about mammals live in Antarctica.
○Weddell seals
Weddell seals live in Antarctic zone. They range the most southern area. They spend much of time on Antarctic ice. Their life span is about 30 years. They make a life near their birthplace till they die.
Weddell seals have a body length of about 2.5-3.0m and weight of 400kg. They are carnivore. They eat sardires, cods, Cepholopod, and krill. They can keep diving about one hour. they have twe style of diving. One is ling diving. It keep diving more than 20 minutes. This diving is called " search diving " , they look for another breathing hole. Another one is short diving for eating. it keep diving no more than 15 minutes, but sound over 200m. There are times when they dive over 600m.
○Leopard seals
Leopard seals is the fewest species of seals live in Antarctica. They have a body length of about 4m and weight of 450kg. Foods of they eat is various. They eat krills, penguins, other seals, fish, and Cephalopods. Through spring into summer, the most important food for them is broods of penguins that reach breeding season snd another seals. Leopard seals dive quite shallow. It isn't deep of 50-60m. And they don't keep diving more than 2.6m.
○Killer whales
Killer whales is the biggest species of Delpinidae. They have the most characteristic and bright markings among other whales. They have a body length of 10m and caudal fin that is 2m. Killer whales can swim at high speed. They sometimes come into the surface of the sea where is waterway and fast ice; ice lake. they eat minke whales, seals, fish, cuttlefish, penguin, baleen whale.
○Weddell seals
Weddell seals live in Antarctic zone. They range the most southern area. They spend much of time on Antarctic ice. Their life span is about 30 years. They make a life near their birthplace till they die.
Weddell seals have a body length of about 2.5-3.0m and weight of 400kg. They are carnivore. They eat sardires, cods, Cepholopod, and krill. They can keep diving about one hour. they have twe style of diving. One is ling diving. It keep diving more than 20 minutes. This diving is called " search diving " , they look for another breathing hole. Another one is short diving for eating. it keep diving no more than 15 minutes, but sound over 200m. There are times when they dive over 600m.
○Leopard seals
Leopard seals is the fewest species of seals live in Antarctica. They have a body length of about 4m and weight of 450kg. Foods of they eat is various. They eat krills, penguins, other seals, fish, and Cephalopods. Through spring into summer, the most important food for them is broods of penguins that reach breeding season snd another seals. Leopard seals dive quite shallow. It isn't deep of 50-60m. And they don't keep diving more than 2.6m.
○Killer whales
Killer whales is the biggest species of Delpinidae. They have the most characteristic and bright markings among other whales. They have a body length of 10m and caudal fin that is 2m. Killer whales can swim at high speed. They sometimes come into the surface of the sea where is waterway and fast ice; ice lake. they eat minke whales, seals, fish, cuttlefish, penguin, baleen whale.
Sunday, January 6, 2013
Birds
Few Birds live in Antarctica. For example, there live penguins, albatross, petrel.
○Penguins
7species of Penguins which live in Antarctica is called "Antarctic Panguins". 4species (Adelie penguin, Chinstrap penguin, Emperor penguin, Gentoo penguin) live and nest on and arround the Antarctica ad other 3 species (King penguin, Macaroni penguin, Rockhopper penguin) live and nest on Antarctica.
・Adelie penguin
There is colony of Adelie penguin on the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. They make up rookeries. Rookery is breeding colony of penguin. There are more than ten thousand breeding pair. Adelie penguins have a body length of 70cm an weight of 4.5~5.5kg. It has an indigo blue pilleum and throut, white abdomen. The male weight is heavier than female weight. And male have big bill. Adelie penguin can keep diving about six minutes. They swim like an arrow. It is nothing less than flying. And they prey upon krills.
・Emperor penguin
Emperor penguin is the biggest penguin on the earth. This penguin has a body length of 1.3m and weight of 32.5kg. They have a white abdomen and gray back, black pileum. And they have long feather which is the longest feather in penguins. King penguin is a closely related species of Emperor penguin. It is smaller than Emperor penguin and top of the chest is yellow. It lives in island of sub-Antarctica. Emperor penguin swims in schools and dive together. When they swim, they back their head and turn up their sole of the foot. They swim at 5.4~9.6 kilos per hour. And they can keep diving about 18 minutes, dive into 400 meter. They prey upon krills, fishes, cuttle fishes.
○Penguins
7species of Penguins which live in Antarctica is called "Antarctic Panguins". 4species (Adelie penguin, Chinstrap penguin, Emperor penguin, Gentoo penguin) live and nest on and arround the Antarctica ad other 3 species (King penguin, Macaroni penguin, Rockhopper penguin) live and nest on Antarctica.
・Adelie penguin
There is colony of Adelie penguin on the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. They make up rookeries. Rookery is breeding colony of penguin. There are more than ten thousand breeding pair. Adelie penguins have a body length of 70cm an weight of 4.5~5.5kg. It has an indigo blue pilleum and throut, white abdomen. The male weight is heavier than female weight. And male have big bill. Adelie penguin can keep diving about six minutes. They swim like an arrow. It is nothing less than flying. And they prey upon krills.
・Emperor penguin
Emperor penguin is the biggest penguin on the earth. This penguin has a body length of 1.3m and weight of 32.5kg. They have a white abdomen and gray back, black pileum. And they have long feather which is the longest feather in penguins. King penguin is a closely related species of Emperor penguin. It is smaller than Emperor penguin and top of the chest is yellow. It lives in island of sub-Antarctica. Emperor penguin swims in schools and dive together. When they swim, they back their head and turn up their sole of the foot. They swim at 5.4~9.6 kilos per hour. And they can keep diving about 18 minutes, dive into 400 meter. They prey upon krills, fishes, cuttle fishes.
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